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Not to be confused with Shortcake.
Fully cooked shortbread rounds on a baking sheet.Shortbread is a type of unleavened biscuit (cookie) which is traditionally made from one part white sugar, two parts butter, and three parts oatmeal flour. The use of plain white (wheat) flour is common today, and other ingredients like ground rice or cornflour are sometimes added to alter the texture.
Shortbread is so named because of its crumbly texture (from an old meaning of the word short). The cause of this texture is its high fat content, provided by the butter. The short or crumbly texture is a result of the fact that the fat inhibits the formation of long protein (gluten) strands. The related word "shortening" refers to any fat that may be added to produce a short (crumbly) texture.[1]
Shortbread is different from shortcake, which can be similar to shortbread, but which can be made using vegetable fat instead of butter and always uses a chemical leavening agent such as baking powder, which gives it a different texture.
Shortbread biscuits are often associated with normal egg-based biscuits, but they hold their shape under pressure, making them ideal for packed meals.
Contents [hide]
1 Baking procedure
2 Shapes
3 Cultural associations
4 History of shortbread
5 References
[edit] Baking procedure
Shortbread is baked at a low temperature to avoid browning. When cooked, it is nearly white, or a light golden brown. It may be sprinkled with more sugar while cooling. It may even be crumbly before cooled, but will become firmer after cooling.
[edit] Shapes
Shortbread fingersShortbread is traditionally formed into one of three shapes: one large circle, which is divided into segments as soon as it is taken out of the oven (petticoat tails, named from the French petits cotés, a pointed biscuit eaten with wine[2]); individual round biscuits (shortbread rounds); or a thick (¾" or 2 cm) oblong slab cut into fingers.
The stiff dough retains its shape well during cooking. The biscuits are often patterned, usually with the tines of a fork before cooking or with a springerle-type cookie mold. Shortbread is also sometimes shaped in hearts and other shapes for special occasions. The classic Girl Scout cookie "Trefoils" are shortbread in the shape of the Girl Scout trefoil logo.
[edit] Cultural associations
Shortbread is generally associated with and originated in Scotland, but due to its popularity it is also made in the remainder of the United Kingdom, and other countries like Denmark, Ireland and Sweden. In the latter a popular recipe of it is called drömmar, literally meaning dreams. The Scottish version is the best-known, and Walkers Shortbread Ltd is Scotland's largest food exporter.[3]
Shortbread was chosen as the United Kingdom's representative for Café Europe during the 2006 Austrian presidency of the European Union.
Scottish chef John Quigley, of Glasgow's Red Onion, describes shortbread as "the jewel in the crown" of Scottish baking.[4]
[edit] History of shortbread
Shortbread is a classic Scottish dessert that consists of three basic ingredients: flour, sugar, and butter. This dessert resulted from medieval biscuit bread, which was a twice baked, enriched bread roll dusted with sugar and spices and hardened into a soft and sweetened biscuit called a Rusk. Eventually, yeast from the original Rusk recipe was replaced by butter, which was becoming more of a staple in the British Isles. Despite the fact that shortbread was prepared during much of the 12th century, the refinement of shortbread was actually accredited to Mary, Queen of Scots, in the 16th century. The name of one of the most famous and most traditional forms of shortbread, petticoat tails, were named by Queen Mary. This type of shortbread was baked, cut into triangular wedges, flavored with caraway seeds. Shortbread was expensive and reserved as a luxury for special occasions such as Christmas, Hogmanay (Scottish New Year’s Eve), and weddings. In Shetland, it is traditional to break a decorated shortbread cake over the head of a new bride on the entrance of her new house.[
Mohandas Dewese (born August 8, 1962), better known as Kool Moe Dee, is an American Hip Hop MC prominent in the late 1970s through the early 1990s. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He was one of the first rappers to earn a Grammy Award and was the first rapper to perform at the Grammys.
Contents [hide]
1 Early career
2 Solo career
3 Feud with LL Cool J
4 Other appearances
5 2009 Comeback
6 Acting career
7 Discography
8 Appears On
9 References
10 External links
[edit] Early career
In the late 1970s, Kool Moe Dee met Special K, DJ Easy Lee, and LA Sunshine to form the influential old school hip hop group the Treacherous Three on Enjoy Records. It was with The Treacherous Three in 1981 that Kool Moe Dee performed his freestyle on-stage roast of old school party rapper Busy Bee Starski, a performance frequently cited as a pivotal moment in the development of the battle rap.[1] Kool Moe Dee attended Norman Thomas High School on 33rd and Park Avenue in New York City and was known as a quiet eccentric young man always holding a pen and a pad ready to write his rhymes. In 1981, they moved to Sugar Hill Records along with another Enjoy Records act Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. The Treacherous Three became well known for their singles Feel the Heart Beat and Whip It. They were featured in the 1984 breakdance cult-movie Beat Street performing the song Xmas Rap with Doug E. Fresh but disbanded shortly afterwards.
[edit] Solo career
In 1985 the Treacherous Three disbanded with each member pursuing solo careers. After leaving the group he attended college in NY and received a degree in communications. In 1986, Kool Moe Dee went solo, releasing a self-titled album, which ranked 83 on Billboard. He co-operated with the young producer Teddy Riley which contributed greatly to the New Jack Swing movement that would gain popularity in the years to follow. Kool Moe Dee released his second album, How Ya Like Me Now which was his most successful album commercially, achieving platinum status. He then went on to release his third album, Knowledge Is King in 1989, which went Gold. The single from this album, "I Go To Work" is considered by some to be the pinnacle of his work, with high speed delivery and superior lyrical content. He was chosen in 1990 to appear on Quincy Jones' album Back on the Block along with fellow rappers Melle Mel, Big Daddy Kane and Ice T. The album gained considerable critical and financial success and winning the 1991 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. In 1991 the release of his album Funke, Funke Wisdom signaled his downfall and eventual decline. Moe Dee himself has stated that this was his worst album(1). He induced his release from Jive Records in 1992. After a two year lay off he released his greatest hits album which gained some of his former success and acclaim. In 1994 his album Interlude was released and failed to gain Moe Dee much of his former success on the mid 80's. In 1993 he re-united with his fellow ex members of the Treacherous Three to release the album Old School Flava on DJ EasyLee's record label Ichiban. His last commercial release was the single Love Love/What You Wanna Do which was released onSpoiled Brat Entertainment inc'.
[edit] Feud with LL Cool J
Main article: LL Cool J vs. Kool Moe Dee feud
Kool Moe Dee is perhaps most well known for his long running rivalry with fellow New York rapper LL Cool J. He, among other rappers such as MC Shan, claimed that LL had stolen their rap styles. He also felt that LL was disrespecting the reigning MCs at the time, himself, Melle Mel and Grandmaster Caz by proclaiming that he was the greatest without paying due respects to those who came before him. He challenged LL on his platinum selling album How Ya Like Me Now on the single of the same name. He also took a shot at LL by appearing on the album cover with a jeep in the background with the wheel crushing one of LL's trademark red Kangol hats. The feud continued on with both MCs proclaiming themselves the victor.
[edit] Other appearances
Kool Moe Dee appeared on Will Smith's #1 pop hit "Wild Wild West" from Smith's 1999 motion picture, Wild Wild West, on which he re-performs the chorus to his 1988 single also named "Wild Wild West".
In 2003 he authored a book called There's a God on the Mic (ISBN 1-56025-533-1), which breaks down his 50 favorite MCs in terms of originality, concepts, versatility, vocabulary, substance, flow, flavor, freestyle, vocal presence, live performance, poetic value, body of work, industry impact, social impact, longevity, lyrics and battle skills, where he ranked himself as number #5, ahead of MCs such as The GZA, and Tupac (ironically, he placed LL Cool J at #7, despite the past beef that the two had, even referring to him as an "unbreakable master").
In 2007 he appeared on the remix of Nas' "Where are They Now", with fellow old-school artists. On his Myspace page he has released some new tracks and a video to accompany one of the songs. He also appeared on the Ice T track "Fight Club" and re-recorded several of his more popular songs.
In 2008 he took the job of hosting a new Hip Hop talk show called SpitFire with Kool Mo Dee. The show contains discussion on issues relating to both Hip Hop culture and general issues that affect the world. Each show has a different panel of guests, including Xzibit, Melle Mel, Grandmaster Caz, DMC, and many others. The show is broadcast on www.iamhiphop.com.
[edit] 2009 Comeback
In a recent interview with houseofhiphop.nl, Kool Moe Dee stated that he would be releasing a new album in 2009.[2] He has also confirmed that he is releasing a new album in an interview with Davey D on 9 October where he stated that he has "cracked what should be expected from a 40 plus MC".[3]
[edit] Acting career
Kool Moe Dee had a brief cameo appearance in the movie Wild Style and appeared in the film Beat Street with the Treacherous Three and Doug E. Fresh. Since then, he has appeared in a total of 17 Movies and TV shows as an actor and 21 as himself. He also had a role as a bartender in Crossroads with Britney Spears.
[edit] Discography
Year Title Sales[4] Chart positions[5]
Billboard 200 Top R&B/Hip hop albums
1986 Kool Moe Dee 83 23
1987 How Ya Like Me Now Platinum 35 4
1989 Knowledge Is King Gold 25 2
1991 Funke, Funke Wisdom – 72 19
1993 Greatest Hits – – –
1994 Interlude – – –
1995 Jive Collection Vol. 2 – – –
2010 TBA – – –
[edit] Appears On
The Isley Brothers "Come Together" on the album Spend the Night (Warner Bros - 1988)
Quincy Jones w/ Melle Mel & Big Daddy Kane & Ice-T "Back On the Block" from the album Back on the Block (Qwest Records - 1989)
Quincy Jones w/ Ice T, Big Daddy Kane "Jazz Corner of the World" from the album Back on the Block (Qwest Records - 1989)
Stop the Violence Movement "Self Destruction" (Jive/ RCA Records - 1989)
HEAL w/ various artists Civilization Vs. Technology (Elektra - 1991)
Zebrahead "Good Time" from the album Zebrahead Soundtrack (Ruffhouse - 1992)
Link to Kool Moe Dee's book "There's A God On The Mic" on Amazon
Discogs entry
Lyrics transcriptions from OHHLA.com
IMDB Beat Street entry
SpitFire with Kool Moe Dee, a new talk show only on IAMHIPHOP.com
"Kool Moe Dee (aka: Dr Media) Leads Industry Therapy" NYU Stern video
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Name Kool Moe Dee
Alternative names
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Date of birth 1962-08-08
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool_Moe_Dee"
Categories: African American rappers
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