do you love the chocolate!!!

to CLARE PIAK

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what the...................

sim city CREATOR

SimCity Creator

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the Nintendo DS version known as SimCity Creator in Europe, North America, and Australia, see SimCity DS 2.

SimCity Creator





Developer(s) Hudson Soft

Publisher(s) Electronic Arts

Series Sim games

Platform(s) Wii

Release date(s) EU September 19, 2008[1]



NA September 22, 2008

JP September 25, 2008





Genre(s) City-Building Simulation Game

Mode(s) Single player

Input methods Wii Remote

SimCity Creator is a video game in the Sim game series by Electronic Arts. It was released for the Wii in September 2008.



Contents [hide]

1 Overview

2 Construction

2.1 Zones

2.2 Transportation

3 Development

4 Reception

5 References

6 External links





[edit] Overview

SimCity Creator follows the basic SimCity formula that sees players managing a city and placing residential, commercial, and industrial zones for buildings in addition to facilities such as police stations, hospitals, seaports, and stadiums. However, players are also able to customize the look of their buildings by choosing from several themes hero buildings that gives themes to the city such as Egyptian, Roman, Japanese, European, Las Vegas, and near-future styles, in addition to ones that result in a crystal or confectionery-like appearance to buildings. Players are also be able to tour their city, rendered in 3D graphics, in a helicopter or airplane.[2]



Taking advantage of the Wii, the pointer function of the Wii Remote is used to directly draw roads and train tracks onto the map. Cities can also be shared among players through WiiConnect24.[2] The game's advisers have been redesigned to resemble MySims characters.[citation needed]



Similar to SimCity 4, SimCity Creator features a day and night cycle, as well as a seasonal cycle last seen in the SNES version of SimCity.[citation needed] Players may tackle disasters including dinosaurs, giant robots, tornadoes, aliens, and meteor impacts.[2]



[edit] Construction

[edit] Zones

In SimCity Creator, areas may be zoned by type of development and density. There is also a landfill zone which allows trash to be stored there. Each zone is color coded:



Residential (green ): Housing for sims to live in.

this zones buildings include houses and apartment towers



Commercial (blue): Where stores and office buildings are located.

stores are where sims go to spend their money and offices are where sims work. offices are usually on large medium or high density zones. hotels and restaurants are sometimes built as well.



Industrial (yellow): Contains the factories and warehouses.

sims may work here but it is not as desirable as office work.



[edit] Transportation

Zones must be connected by lines of transportation. Some of the types of transportation choices for a city include roads and highways. Roads and streets are basic lines of transportation that cars, buses and trucks drive on. They can be either curved or straight. They can lead into each other to form crossroads or roundabouts. heavy congestion can cause pollution. Highways are 4-lane roads. Cars travel faster on highways than roads or streets yet they need on-ramps to function. You cannot build streets over rivers, and building a road or railway over a river automatically creates a bridge. Railways are what trains run on, however they require train stations to work all though they lower traffic congestion. Subways are underground railways so they do not require buildings to be bulldozed, which makes it a more sensible choice for dense citys. They are more expensive to build than ordinary railways however making it more sensible not to use them to link parts of your city that are far away from each other and do not have buildings in between them. Subway stations are also smaller than train stations occupying a 1x1 square rather than a 3x3 square for regular stations. Subway stations are also easier to link to rails than ordinary railway stations. Seaports are where boats stay. Seaports increase industrial demand. Airports are where planes land. If an airport is built you will see planes, helicopter, airships and hot air ballons flying above your city especially near the airport. Airports also raise commercial demand and enable several flight missions to happen.



[edit] Development

This section requires expansion.



The game was first announced on February 12, 2008 by Sims label president Nancy Smith along with other upcoming EA Sim titles including SimAnimals, MySims Kingdom, and MySims Party.[3]



[edit] Reception

The game received mixed reviews, with a Metacritic ranking of 67 out of 100, based on 17 reviews.[4] IGN gave the game an overall score of 5.9 or "Mediocre".



[edit] References

^ "SimCity Creator Details". IGN. May 29, 2008. http://wii.ign.com/articles/877/877617p1.html. Retrieved 2008-05-30.

^ a b c "Sim City Wii Revealed". IGN. 2008-05-28. http://wii.ign.com/articles/877/877239p1.html. Retrieved 2008-05-29.

^ Faylor, Chris (12 February 2008). "New Sim Titles Unveiled: SimCity Creator, MySims Kingdom, MySims Party, SimAnimals, Sims Next-Gen". Shacknews. http://www.shacknews.com/onearticle.x/51288. Retrieved 2008-02-26.

^ "SimCity Creator (wii: 2008): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/wii/simcitycreator.

[edit] External links

Official Site

[hide]v • d • eSim video games



SimCity series SimCity · SimCity 2000 · Sim City: The Card Game · SimCity 3000 · SimCity 64 · SimCity 4 (Rush Hour) · SimCity DS · SimCity Societies (Destinations) · SimCity DS 2 · The SimCity Box · SimCity Creator · SimCity Deluxe



The Sims series The Sims Livin' Large · House Party · Hot Date · Vacation · Unleashed · Superstar · Makin' Magic



The Sims 2 University · Nightlife · Open for Business · Pets · Seasons · Bon Voyage · FreeTime · Apartment Life · Stuff packs



The Sims 3 World Adventures · Ambitions · Stuff packs



The Sims Stories Life Stories · Pet Stories · Castaway Stories



MySims Kingdom · Party · Racing · Agents · Sky Heroes



Console The Sims · The Sims: Bustin' Out · The Urbz · The Sims 2 · The Sims 2: Pets · The Sims 2: Castaway · The Sims 2: Apartment Pets



Online The Sims Online (EA Land) · The Sims Carnival





Spore Expansion packs Galactic Adventures



Stuff packs Creepy & Cute · Bot Parts



Spin-offs Spore Creatures · Spore Origins · Spore Creature Creator · Hero · Hero Arena · Creature Keeper



Further reading Development





Other Sim games SimEarth · SimAnt · SimLife · SimFarm · SimRefinery · SimTower (Yoot Tower, The Tower SP) · SimHealth · SimIsle · SimTown · SimPark · SimGolf · SimTunes · SimSafari · SimCopter · Streets of SimCity · SimsVille · Sid Meier's SimGolf · SimMars · SimAnimals



Related subjects Electronic Arts · Maxis · Visceral Games · Sim · Simlish · Will Wright · A-Train · Lincity · Micropolis





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CHEATS
 
Hints


NOTE: As their name suggests hints are not exactly SimCity Creator cheats, and are usually just simple (but very useful) tips on how you can unlock secret level, features, find hidden areas and such. Hopefully these will make playing SimCity Creator even more entertaining.





New Building Sets

Name your city one of the following names in order to unlock the corresponding building set, which means the entire city will be built with the set.



Egyptian Building Set: Name your city "Mummy's desert"

Greek Building Set: Name your city "ancient culture"

Jungle Building Set: Name your city "Become wild"

Sci-Fi Building Set: Name your city "Future picture"



New Buildings

Art museum: Raise education to level 90

Basketball court: Build 2 of : Tennis courts, baseball fields and playgrounds

Bus stop: Reach 1920

High school: Rasie education level to 75

House of worship: Population of 4,000

Large Garden: Build 4 small gardens and have a population of 50,000

Large Park: Build 4 small parks and have a pop. of 50,000

Museum: Raise education level to 100

Nuclear Power Station: Raise education level to 115

Opera House: Build 3 museums and 3 art museums

Recycling Plant: Build one landfill zone

Solar Power Plant: Reach year 2000

Stadium: Have a pop. of 350,000

TV station: Have a pop. of 350,000

University: Raise education level to 90

Wind Power Plant: Reach 1985

AC-DC

AC/DC

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

This article is about the band. For other uses, see AC/DC (disambiguation).

AC/DC





AC/DC, from L-R: Brian Johnson, Malcolm Young, Phil Rudd, Angus Young and Cliff Williams, live in Tacoma, Washington, 31 August 2009.

Background information

Origin Sydney, Australia

Genres Hard rock, heavy metal, blues-rock, rock and roll

Years active 1973–present

Labels Albert, EMI, Columbia, Epic, Atlantic, Atco, Elektra, East West

Associated acts Geordie, The Easybeats

Website www.acdc.com

www.acdcrocks.com

Members

Brian Johnson

Angus Young

Malcolm Young

Cliff Williams

Phil Rudd

Former members

Bon Scott

Simon Wright

Chris Slade

Mark Evans

Dave Evans

(full list)

AC/DC are an Australian rock band formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Although the band are commonly classified as hard rock and are considered a pioneer of heavy metal,[1][2] they have always classified their music as rock and roll.[3]



AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album, High Voltage, in 1975. Membership remained stable until bassist Mark Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage. Within months of recording the album Highway to Hell, lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died on 19 February 1980, after a night of heavy alcohol consumption. The group briefly considered disbanding, but soon ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson was selected to replace Scott. Later that year, the band released their highest selling album, Back in Black.



The band's next album, For Those About to Rock We Salute You, was their first album to reach number one in the United States. AC/DC declined in popularity soon after drummer Phil Rudd was fired in 1983 and was replaced by future Dio drummer Simon Wright, though the band resurged in the early 1990s with the release of The Razor's Edge. Phil Rudd returned in 1994 (after Chris Slade, whom was with the band from 1990–1994, was asked to leave in favour of him) and contributed to the band's 1995 album Ballbreaker. Stiff Upper Lip was released in 2000 and was well received by critics. Since then, the band has stayed the same with the 1980-1983 lineup. The band's most recent album, Black Ice, was released on 20 October 2008. It was their biggest hit on the charts since "For Those About to Rock, reaching #1 on all the charts eventually.[4] AC/DC's newest studio album, AC/DC: Iron Man 2 is set to release on April 19, 2010.



As of 2008, AC/DC have sold more than 200 million albums worldwide,[5] including 71 million albums in the United States.[6] Back in Black has sold an estimated 45 million units worldwide, making it the highest-selling album by any band and the 2nd highest-selling album in history, behind Thriller by Michael Jackson.[7] The album has sold 22 million in the US alone, where it is the fifth-highest-selling album.[8] AC/DC ranked fourth on VH1's list of the "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock"[9][10] and was named the seventh "Greatest Heavy Metal Band of All Time" by MTV.[11] In 2004, the band was ranked number 72 in the Rolling Stone list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[12]



Contents [hide]

1 History

1.1 Background and name

1.2 Early years (the Dave Evans era, 1973-1974)

1.3 The Bon Scott era (1974–80)

1.3.1 The journey begins (1974–77)

1.3.2 International success (1977–80)

1.3.3 Scott's death (1980)

1.4 The Brian Johnson era (1980–present)

1.4.1 The rebirth (1980–83)

1.4.2 Departure of Rudd and commercial decline (1983–87)

1.4.3 Back to commercial success (1987–90)

1.4.4 Popularity regained (1990–94)

1.4.5 Popularity confirmed (1994–2008)

1.4.6 Black Ice (2008–present)

2 Recognition

3 Band members

4 Discography

5 Awards and nominations

6 See also

7 References

8 Further reading

9 External links





History

Background and name

Brothers Malcolm, Angus and George Young were born in Glasgow, Scotland, and moved to Sydney with most of their family in 1963. George was the first to learn to play the guitar. He became a member of the Easybeats, one of Australia's most successful bands of the 1960s. In 1966, they became the first local rock act to have an international hit, with the song "Friday on My Mind".[13] Malcolm followed in George's footsteps by playing with a Newcastle, New South Wales, band called the Velvet Underground (not to be confused with the New York–based Velvet Underground).[14]





The band's logo was designed in 1977 by Gerard Huerta. It first appeared on the international version of Let There Be RockMalcolm and Angus Young developed the idea for the band's name after their older sister, Margaret Young, saw the initials "AC/DC" on a sewing machine.[15] "AC/DC" is an abbreviation for "alternating current/direct current". The brothers felt that this name symbolised the band's raw energy, power-driven performances, and a love for their music.[15][16][17] "AC/DC" is pronounced one letter at a time, though the band is popularly known as "Acca Dacca" in Australia.[18][19]



Early years (the Dave Evans era, 1973-1974)

In November 1973 Malcolm and Angus Young formed AC/DC and recruited bassist Larry Van Kriedt, vocalist Dave Evans, and Colin Burgess, ex-Masters Apprentices drummer.[20] The band played their first gig at a club named Chequers in Sydney on New Year's Eve, 1973.[21] They were later signed to the EMI-distributed Albert Productions label for Australia and New Zealand. The early line-up of the band changed often; Colin Burgess was the first member fired, and several bassists and drummers passed through the band during the next year.



By this time, Angus Young had adopted his characteristic school-uniform stage outfit. The idea was his sister Margaret's. Angus had tried other costumes, such as Spider-Man, Zorro, a gorilla, and a parody of Superman, named Super-Ang.[14] In fact in its early days, most members of the band dressed in some form of glam or satin outfit but this approach was abandoned when it was discovered Melbourne band Skyhooks had already adopted this approach to their stage presentation.



The Young brothers decided that Evans was not a suitable frontman for the group, because they felt he was more of a glam rocker like Gary Glitter.[22] On stage, Evans was occasionally replaced by the band's first manager, Dennis Laughlin, who was the original lead singer with Sherbet prior to Daryl Braithwaite joining the band. Evans did not get along with Laughlin, which also contributed to the band's ill feeling toward Evans.[22]



The Bon Scott era (1974–80)

The journey begins (1974–77)

In September 1974 Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott, an experienced vocalist and friend of George Young, replaced Dave Evans. Like the Young brothers, Scott had been born in Scotland before emigrating to Australia in his childhood. The band had recorded only one single with Evans, "Can I Sit Next to You, Girl" / "Rockin' in the Parlour"; eventually, the song was re-recorded with Bon Scott as "Can I Sit Next to You Girl" (Track 7 on the Australian album T.N.T., and Track 6 on the international release of High Voltage).



"It's a Long Way to the Top" (1975)



The second single of High Voltage demonstrates a combination of bagpipes with more traditional rock instruments while the lyrics discuss the perils of being in a rock band.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Problems listening to this file? See media help.

By January 1975, the Australia-only album High Voltage had been recorded. It took only ten days[23] and was based on instrumental songs written by the Young brothers, with lyrics added by Scott. Within a few months, the band's line-up had stabilised, featuring Scott, the Young brothers, bassist Mark Evans and drummer Phil Rudd. Later that year they released the single "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)", which became their perennial rock anthem.[24] It was included on their second album, T.N.T., which was also released only in Australia and New Zealand. The album featured another classic song, "High Voltage".



Between 1974 and 1977, aided by regular appearances on Molly Meldrum's Countdown, the ABC’s nationally broadcast pop-music television show, AC/DC became one of the most popular and successful acts in Australia. Their performance on 3 April 1977 was their last live TV appearance for more than 20 years.[23]



International success (1977–80)



Former vocalist Bon Scott (centre) pictured with guitarist Angus Young (left) and bassist Cliff Williams (back), performing at the Ulster Hall in August 1979In 1976, the band signed an international deal with Atlantic Records and toured extensively throughout Europe. They gained invaluable experience of the stadium circuit, supporting leading hard rock acts such as Black Sabbath, Aerosmith, Kiss, Styx and Blue Öyster Cult, and co-headlined with Cheap Trick.[23]



The first AC/DC album to gain worldwide distribution was a 1976 compilation of tracks taken from the High Voltage and T.N.T. LPs. Also titled High Voltage, and released on the Atlantic Records label, the album, which has to date sold three million copies worldwide,[25], gained the band a following among the then-substantial British punk audience.[26] The track selection was heavily weighted toward the more recent T.N.T., and included only two songs from their first LP. The band's next album, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, was released in the same year in both Australian and international versions, like its predecessor. Track listings varied worldwide, and the international version of the album also featured "Rocker" from T.N.T. The original Australian version included "Jailbreak" (now more readily available on the 1984 compilation EP '74 Jailbreak or as a live version on the 1992 Live album). Dirty Deeds was not released in the US until 1981, by which time the band were at the peak of their popularity.



Following the 1977 recording Let There Be Rock, bassist Mark Evans was sacked because of personal differences with Angus Young. He was replaced by Cliff Williams, who also provided backing vocals alongside Malcolm Young. Neither of the Young brothers has elaborated on the departure of Evans, though Richard Griffiths, the CEO of Epic Records and a booking agent for AC/DC in the mid-1970s, later commented, "You knew Mark wasn't going to last, he was just too much of a nice guy."[14]





Bronze statue of Bon Scott, unveiled in Fremantle, Western Australia, in October 2008AC/DC were a formative influence on New Wave of British Heavy Metal bands who emerged in the late 1970s, such as Saxon and Iron Maiden, in part as a reaction to the decline of traditional early 1970s heavy metal bands. In 2007, critics noted that AC/DC, along with Thin Lizzy, UFO, Scorpions and Judas Priest, were among "the second generation of rising stars ready to step into the breach as the old guard waned."[27]



AC/DC's first American exposure was through the Michigan radio station AM 600 WTAC in 1977. The station's manager, Peter C. Cavanaugh, booked the band to play at Flint's Capitol Theater. The supporting act was MC5, who had just briefly reunited and agreed to play at the event. The band opened with their popular song "Live Wire" and closed with "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)".[28]



AC/DC came to be identified with the punk rock movement by the British press. Their reputation, however, managed to survive the punk upheavals of the late 1970s, and they maintained a cult following in the UK throughout this time.[3] Angus Young gained notoriety for mooning the audience during live performances.



The 1978 release of Powerage marked the debut of bassist Cliff Williams, and with its harder riffs, followed the blueprint set by Let There Be Rock.[29] Only one single was released for Powerage, "Rock 'n' Roll Damnation" and gave AC/DC the highest mark at the time, reaching #24. Eddie Van Halen notes this to be his favorite AC/DC record, along with Highway To Hell.[30] An appearance at the Apollo Theatre in Glasgow during the Powerage tour was recorded and released as If You Want Blood You've Got It, featuring such songs as "Whole Lotta Rosie", "Problem Child", and "Let There Be Rock", as well as lesser-known album tracks like "Riff Raff". The album was the last produced by Harry Vanda and George Young with Bon Scott on vocals and is claimed to be AC/DC's most under-rated album.[31]



The major breakthrough in the band's career came in their collaboration with producer "Mutt" Lange on a sixth album Highway to Hell, released in 1979. It became the first AC/DC LP to break into the US top 100, eventually reaching #17,[23] and it propelled AC/DC into the top ranks of hard rock acts.[3] Highway to Hell had lyrics that shifted away from flippant and comical toward more central rock themes, putting increased emphasis on backing vocals but still featured AC/DC's signature sound: loud, simple, pounding riffs and grooving backbeats.[32] The final track, "Night Prowler", has two breaths in quick succession at the start of the song, intended to create a tone of fear and loathing.[3]



Scott's death (1980)

As 1980 began, the band began work on a new album that would eventually become Back in Black, but Bon Scott would not live to see the project being finished. On February 19, 1980, Scott passed out after a night of heavy drinking in London and was left in a car owned by an acquaintance named Alistair Kinnear. The following morning, Kinnear rushed him to King's College Hospital in Camberwell, where Scott was pronounced dead on arrival. Pulmonary aspiration of vomit was the cause of Scott's death,[33] and the official cause was listed as "acute alcohol poisoning" and "death by misadventure".[34] Scott's family buried him in Fremantle, Western Australia, the area to which they had emigrated when he was a boy.[35]



Inconsistencies in the official accounts of Scott's death have been cited in conspiracy theories, which suggest that Scott died of a heroin overdose, or was killed by exhaust fumes redirected into the car, or that Kinnear did not exist.[34] Additionally, Scott was asthmatic,[36] and the temperature was below freezing on the morning of his death.



The Brian Johnson era (1980–present)

The rebirth (1980–83)



Cliff Williams in 1981 during the For Those About to Rock TourFollowing Scott's death, the band briefly considered quitting; they eventually concluded, however, that Scott would have wanted AC/DC to continue, and various candidates were considered for his replacement, including Buzz Shearman, ex-Moxy member, who was not able to join because of voice problems,[37] and ex-Back Street Crawler vocalist Terry Slesser, who turned down this opportunity when he decided not to join an established band and instead started a solo career. The remaining AC/DC members finally decided on ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson.



Angus Young later recalled, "I remember Bon playing me Little Richard, and then telling me the story of when he saw Brian singing." He says about that night, "There's this guy up there screaming at the top of his lungs and then the next thing you know he hits the deck. He's on the floor, rolling around and screaming. I thought it was great, and then to top it off—you couldn't get a better encore—they came in and wheeled the guy off!"[38] Later that night, Johnson would be diagnosed with appendicitis, which was the cause of his writhing around on stage.[39]



For the audition, Johnson sang "Whole Lotta Rosie" from Let There Be Rock and Ike & Tina Turner's "Nutbush City Limits".[17] He was hired a few days after the audition.



With Brian Johnson the band completed the songwriting that they had begun with Bon Scott for the album Back in Black. Recording took place at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas a few months after Scott's death. Back in Black, produced by Mutt Lange and recorded by Tony Platt, became their biggest-selling album and a hard-rock landmark; hits include "Hells Bells", "You Shook Me All Night Long", and the title track. The album was certified platinum three months after its release, and by 2007 it had sold more than 22 million copies in the United States, making it the fourth-highest-selling album ever in the US.[8] The album reached #1 in the UK and #4 in the US, where it spent 131 weeks on the Billboard 200 album chart.[23]



The follow-up album, 1981's For Those About to Rock We Salute You, also sold well and was positively received by critics. The album featured two of the band's most popular singles: "Let's Get It Up"[40] and the title track, "For Those About to Rock", which reached #13 and #15 in the UK, respectively.[41] The band split with Lange for their self-produced 1983 album, Flick of the Switch, in an effort to recover the rawness and simplicity of their early albums.[42]



Departure of Rudd and commercial decline (1983–87)

"Back in Black" (1980)



"Back in Black"'s riff is one of the most recognised in hard rock history.[43] The song ranked #187 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and reached #37 in the US.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Amid rumours of alcoholism and drug-induced paranoia, drummer Phil Rudd's friendship with Malcolm Young deteriorated and, after a long period of unfriendliness, the men's dislike for each other grew so strong that they fought. Rudd was fired two hours after the fight.[17] Session drummer B.J. Wilson was drafted in to help complete the recordings, but his drum parts were eventually not used.[44] Although Rudd had finished the drum tracks for their next album, he was replaced by Simon Wright in the summer of 1983 after the band held an anonymous audition.



Later in the year, AC/DC released the self-produced album Flick of the Switch, which was less successful than their previous albums, and was considered underdeveloped and unmemorable.[42] One critic stated that the band "had made the same album nine times".[45] AC/DC was voted the eighth-biggest disappointment of the year in the 1984 Kerrang! readers' poll. However, Flick of the Switch eventually reached #4 on the UK charts,[17] and AC/DC had minor success with the singles "Nervous Shakedown" and "Flick of the Switch". Fly on the Wall, produced by the Young brothers in 1985, was also regarded as uninspired and directionless.[46] A music concept video of the same name featured the band at a bar, playing five of the album's ten songs.



In 1986, the group returned to the charts with the made-for-radio "Who Made Who". The album Who Made Who was the soundtrack to Stephen King's film Maximum Overdrive, and is the closest the band has come to releasing a "greatest hits" collection, which AC/DC have always refused to do.[31] It brought together older hits, such as "You Shook Me All Night Long" and "Ride On", with newer songs such as title track "Who Made Who", and two new instrumentals, "D.T." and "Chase the Ace".



In February 1988, AC/DC were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association's Hall of Fame.[47]



Back to commercial success (1987–90)

AC/DC's 1988 album, Blow Up Your Video, was recorded at Studio Miraval in Le Val, France, and reunited the band with their original producers, Harry Vanda and George Young. The group recorded nineteen songs, choosing ten for the final release; though the album was later criticised for containing excessive "filler",[48] it was a commercial success. Blow Up Your Video sold more copies than the previous two studio releases combined, reaching #2 on the UK charts—AC/DC's highest position since "Back in Black" in 1980. The album featured the UK top-twenty single "Heatseeker"[40] and popular songs such as "That's the Way I Wanna Rock and Roll". The Blow Up Your Video World Tour began in February 1988, in Perth, Australia. That April, following live appearances across Europe, Malcolm Young announced that he was taking time off from touring, principally to begin recovery from his alcoholism. Another member of the Young family, Stevie Young, temporarily took Malcolm's place.





Phil Rudd performs at the KeyArena in Seattle during the Ballbreaker World Tour in 1996Following the tour, Wright left the group to work on the upcoming Dio album Lock Up the Wolves, and was replaced by session veteran Chris Slade. Johnson was unavailable for several months while finalising his divorce,[17] so the Young brothers wrote all the songs for the next album, a practice they continued for all subsequent releases through Black Ice in 2008.



Popularity regained (1990–94)

The new album, The Razors Edge, was recorded in Vancouver, Canada, and produced by Bruce Fairbairn, who had previously worked with Aerosmith and Bon Jovi. Released in 1990, it was a major comeback for the band, and included the hits "Thunderstruck" and "Are You Ready", which reached #5 and #16 respectively on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks Chart, and "Moneytalks", which peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100.[40] The album went multi-platinum and reached the US top ten. Several shows on the Razors Edge tour were recorded for the 1992 live album, titled Live. Live was produced by Fairbairn, and is considered one of the best live albums of the 1990s.[49] It was during this tour when AC/DC headlined the Monsters of Rock show, which was released on DVD as Live at Donington. A year later, AC/DC recorded "Big Gun" for the soundtrack of the Arnold Schwarzenegger movie Last Action Hero, and was released as a single, reaching #1 on the US Mainstream Rock chart, the band's first #1 single on that chart.[23]



Popularity confirmed (1994–2008)

In 1994, Angus and Malcolm invited Rudd to several jam sessions. He was eventually rehired to replace Slade, whose amicable departure arose in part because of the band's strong desire to again work with Rudd. In 1995, with the 1980–83 line-up back together, the group released Ballbreaker, recorded at the Ocean Way Studios in Los Angeles, California, and produced by Rick Rubin. The first single from the album was "Hard as a Rock". Two more singles were released from the album: "Hail Caesar" and "Cover You in Oil".

In 1997, a box set named Bonfire was released. It contained four albums; a remastered version of Back in Black; Volts (a disc with alternate takes, outtakes, and stray live cuts) and two live albums, Live from the Atlantic Studios and Let There Be Rock: The Movie. Live from the Atlantic Studios was recorded on 7 December 1977 at the Atlantic Studios in New York. Let There Be Rock: The Movie was a double album recorded in 1979 at the Pavillon de Paris and was the soundtrack of a motion picture, AC/DC: Let There Be Rock. The US version of the box set included a colour booklet, a two-sided poster, a sticker, a temporary tattoo, a keychain bottle opener, and a guitar pick.[50]





Angus Young performs in Cologne, Germany in 2001 during the Stiff Upper Lip TourIn 2000, the band released Stiff Upper Lip, produced by brother George Young at the Warehouse Studio, again in Vancouver. The album was better received by critics than Ballbreaker but was considered lacking in new ideas.[51][52] The Australian release included a bonus disc with three promotional videos and several live performances recorded in Madrid, Spain in 1996. Stiff Upper Lip reached #1 in five countries, including Argentina and Germany; #2 in three countries, Spain, France and Switzerland; #3 in Australia; #5 in Canada and Portugal; and #7 in Norway, the US and Hungary. The first single, "Stiff Upper Lip", remained at #1 on the US Mainstream Rock charts for four weeks.[23] The other singles released also did very well; "Satellite Blues" and "Safe in New York City" reached #7 and #31 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, respectively.



In 2002, AC/DC signed a long-term, multi-album deal with Sony Music,[53] who went on to release a series of remastered albums as part of their AC/DC remasters series. Each release contained an expanded booklet featuring rare photographs, memorabilia, and notes.[54] In 2003, the entire back-catalogue (except Ballbreaker and Stiff Upper Lip) was remastered and re-released. Ballbreaker was eventually re-released in October 2005; Stiff Upper Lip was later re-released in April 2007.



On 30 July 2003, the band performed with the Rolling Stones and Rush at Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto. The concert, held before an audience of half a million, was intended to help the city overcome the negative publicity stemming from the effects of a 2003 SARS epidemic. The concert holds the record for the largest paid music event in North American history.[55] The band came second in a list of Australia's highest-earning entertainers for 2005,[56] and sixth for 2006,[57] despite having neither toured since 2003 nor released an album since 2000. Verizon Wireless has gained the rights to release AC/DC's full albums and the entire Live at Donington concert to download in 2008.[58]



On 16 October 2007, Columbia Records released a double and triple DVD titled Plug Me In. The set consists of five and seven hours of rare footage, and even a recording of AC/DC at a high school performing "School Days", "T.N.T.", "She's Got Balls", and "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)". As with Family Jewels, disc one contains rare shows of the band with Bon Scott, and disc two is about the Brian Johnson era. The collector's edition contains an extra DVD with 21 more rare performances of both Scott and Johnson and more interviews.[59]



AC/DC made their video game debut on Rock Band 2, with "Let There Be Rock" included as a playable track.[60] The setlist from their Live at Donington live album was released as playable songs for the Rock Band series by means of a Wal-Mart-exclusive retail disc titled AC/DC Live: Rock Band Track Pack.[61]



No Bull: The Directors Cut, a newly edited, comprehensive Blu-Ray and DVD of the band's July 1996 Plaza De Toros de las Ventas concert in Madrid, Spain, was released on 9 September 2008.[62]



Black Ice (2008–present)



AC/DC performs at the Rogers Centre during their Black Ice World TourOn 18 August 2008, Columbia Records announced the 18 October Australian release, and 20 October worldwide release, of the studio album Black Ice. The 15-track album was the band's first studio release in eight years, and was produced by Brendan O'Brien. Like Stiff Upper Lip, it was recorded at The Warehouse Studio in Vancouver, British Columbia. Black Ice was sold in the US exclusively at Wal-Mart and Sam's Club and the band's official website.[63]



"Rock 'n' Roll Train", the album's first single, was released to radio on 28 August. On 15 August, AC/DC recorded a video for a song from the new album in London with a special selection of fans getting the chance to be in the video.[64] Black Ice made history debuting at #1 on album charts in 29 countries and also has the distinction of being Columbia Records' biggest debut album (since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales data for Billboard in March 1991). Black Ice has been certified Multi Platinum in eight countries, including the US, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Germany and the Czech Republic. Additionally Black Ice has achieved Platinum status in twelve countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, UK, Argentina, Singapore and New Zealand) and Gold status in four countries (Netherland, Spain, Poland and Brazil). With over 6.5 million copies of Black Ice shipped worldwide, combined with over 5.5 million in catalog sold, AC/DC have surpassed The Beatles as the #1 selling catalog artist in the US for 2008. The 18-month Black Ice World Tour supporting the new album was announced on September 11 and began on 28 October in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[65] The band played 42 dates in North America, ending in Nashville, Tennessee on 31 January 2009. The Answer was the opening act during the North American portion of the tour.



On 15 September 2008, AC/DC Radio debuted on Sirius Channel 19 and XM channel 53. The channel plays AC/DC music along with interviews with the band members.[66]



With the North American release of Black Ice on 20 October 2008, Columbia Records and Walmart created "Rock Again AC/DC Stores" to promote the album. In October 2008, MTV, Walmart, and Columbia created "AC/DC Rock Band Stores" in New York City, at Times Square, and in Los Angeles. "Black Ice" trucks were also dispatched on the streets of these two cities after the release, playing AC/DC music aloud and making various stops each day to sell merchandise.[67]



In late September 2009, the band rescheduled six shows when Brian Johnson underwent an operation for ulcers.[68] On September 29, the band announced a collection of studio and live rarities, Backtracks, which was released on November 10, 2009 as a 3-CD/2-DVD/1-LP box-set.



On the 4th November AC/DC were announced as the Business Review Weekly top Australian earner (entertainment) for 2009 with earnings of $105 million. This displaced The Wiggles from the number one spot for the first time in four years.[69]



On January 26, 2010, AC/DC announced on their official site the release of their new album AC/DC: Iron Man 2, the soundtrack for the upcoming film Iron Man 2.[70]



AC/DC plans to give a concert for the celebration of 20th anniversary of German Reunification in Etzenricht, Bavaria, Germany.[71]



On the 25th January 2010 it was announced that the band are to headline Download Festival at Donington Park, England in June 2010. [3]



Recognition



The street sign for ACDC Lane, MelbourneAC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 10, 2003.[72] During the ceremony the band performed "Highway to Hell" and "You Shook Me All Night Long", with guest vocals provided by host Steven Tyler of Aerosmith. He described the band's power chords as "the thunder from down under that gives you the second-most-powerful surge that can flow through your body."[73] During the acceptance speech, Brian Johnson quoted their 1977 song "Let There Be Rock".[74]



In May 2003, Malcolm Young accepted a Ted Albert Award for Outstanding Service to Australian Music at the 2003 Music Winners Awards, during which he paid special tribute to Bon Scott.[75]



On 1 October 2004, a central Melbourne thoroughfare, Corporation Lane, was renamed ACDC Lane in honour of the band. However, the City of Melbourne forbade the use of the slash character in street names, so the four letters were combined.[76] The lane is near Swanston Street where, on the back of a truck, the band recorded their video for the 1975 hit "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)".[24] Additionally, a street in Leganés (Comunidad de Madrid – Spain), was named "Calle de AC/DC" on 2 March 2000.[24][77]



Since Nielsen SoundScan began to track music sales in 1991, AC/DC have sold over $26.4? million worth of albums, making their sales figures second only to The Beatles, outselling both The Rolling Stones and The Who. Over the last five years, as CD sales have declined in general, AC/DC albums have sold just as well or better. They sold over 1.3 million CDs in the US during 2007 despite not having released a new album since 2001 at that point.[78]



In 2009 the Recording Industry Association of America upgraded the group's US sales figures from 69 million to 71 million, making AC/DC the fifth-best-selling band in US history and the ninth-best-selling artist, selling more albums than Madonna, Mariah Carey and Michael Jackson.[6] The RIAA also certified Back in Black as double Diamond (20 million) in US sales, and by 2007 the album had sold 22 million copies, which moved it into fifth place.[8]



Band members



Brian Johnson (left) and Angus Young (right) in St. Paul, Minnesota, on 23 November 2008Main article: List of AC/DC members

Brian Johnson – lead vocals (1980–present)

Angus Young – lead guitar (1973–present)

Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1973–present)

Cliff Williams – bass guitar, backing vocals (1977–present)

Phil Rudd – drums, percussion (1975–1983, 1994–present)

Former members

Dave Evans – lead vocals (1973–74)

Bon Scott – lead vocals (1974–80)†

Mark Evans – bass guitar, backing vocals (1975–77)

Simon Wright – drums, percussion (1983–89)

Chris Slade – drums, percussion (1989–94)

Discography

For a more comprehensive list, see AC/DC discography

High Voltage (Australia) (1975)

T.N.T. (1975)

High Voltage (International) (1976)

Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap (1976)

Let There Be Rock (1977)

Powerage (1978)

If You Want Blood You've Got It (1978) (live album)

Highway to Hell (1979)

Back in Black (1980)

For Those About to Rock We Salute You (1981)

Flick of the Switch (1983)

'74 Jailbreak (1984 USA) (compilation album)

Fly on the Wall (1985)

Who Made Who (1986) (soundtrack album)

Blow Up Your Video (1988)

The Razors Edge (1990)

AC/DC Live (1992) (double live album)

Ballbreaker (1995)

Stiff Upper Lip (2000)

Black Ice (2008)

AC/DC: Iron Man 2 (2010) (soundtrack album)

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by AC/DC

See also

AC/DC portal

Book:AC/DC

Books are collections of articles which can be downloaded or ordered in print.

AC/DShe and Hell's Belles – all-female AC/DC tribute bands

Hayseed Dixie, a hillbilly AC/DC tribute band







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Further reading

Dome, Malcolm (1982). AC/DC. Proteus Books. ISBN 0-862-76011-9.

Bunton, Richard (1983). AC/DC: Hell Ain't No Bad Place to Be. Omnibus Books. ISBN 0-711-90082-5.

Holmes, Tim (1986). AC/DC (Monsters of Metal). Ballantine. ISBN 0-345-33239-3.

Huxley, Martin (1996). AC/DC: The World's Heaviest Rock. Lightning Source Inc.. ISBN 0-312-30220-7.

Stenning, Paul (2005). AC/DC: Two Sides to Every Glory. Chrome Dreams. ISBN 1-842-40308-7.

Engleheart, Murray (2006). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-7322-8964-5.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: AC/DC

ACDC.com Official website

ACDCRocks.com Official website

AC/DC at the Open Directory Project

Extended bio- and discography

AC/DC discography at MusicBrainz

Official YouTube profile

ACDC Timeline

Official AC/DC Backtracks website

AC/DC footage on Rokpool.com

[show]v • d • eAC/DC



Brian Johnson · Angus Young · Malcolm Young · Cliff Williams · Phil Rudd

Bon Scott · Dave Evans · Peter Clack · Rob Bailey · Simon Wright · Chris Slade · Mark Evans



Studio albums High Voltage · T.N.T. · High Voltage (international version) · Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap · Let There Be Rock · Powerage · Highway to Hell · Back in Black · For Those About to Rock We Salute You · Flick of the Switch · Fly on the Wall · Blow Up Your Video · The Razors Edge · Ballbreaker · Stiff Upper Lip · Black Ice



Compilations '74 Jailbreak · Who Made Who · Volts · Bonfire · Backtracks · AC/DC: Iron Man 2



Live albums If You Want Blood You've Got It · Live · Live from the Atlantic Studios · Let There Be Rock: The Movie – Live in Paris



Films and videos AC/DC: Let There Be Rock · Fly on the Wall · Who Made Who · AC/DC · Clipped · Live at Donington · For Those About to Rock · No Bull · Stiff Upper Lip Live · Live '77 · Family Jewels · Plug Me In



Production Vanda & Young · Harry Vanda · George Young · Mutt Lange · Bruce Fairbairn · Rick Rubin · Brendan O'Brien



Tours For Those About to Rock Tour · Flick of the Switch/Monsters of Rock Tour · Fly on the Wall Tour · Who Made Who World Tour · Blow Up Your Video World Tour · Razors Edge World Tour · Ballbreaker World Tour · Stiff Upper Lip World Tour · Black Ice World Tour



Related articles Discography · Awards and nominations · ACDC Lane · Angus Bucks · Members · Tribute albums



The AC/DC portal



[show]v • d • eAC/DC's singles discography



1970s 1974: "Can I Sit Next to You, Girl" (Australia) • 1975: "Baby, Please Don't Go" (Australia) • "High Voltage" (Australia) • 1976: "High Voltage" (International) • "T.N.T." (Australia) • "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" • "Jailbreak" • "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap" • 1977: "Dog Eat Dog" (Australia) • "Love at First Feel" (Australia) • "Let There Be Rock" • 1978: "Rock 'n' Roll Damnation" • "Whole Lotta Rosie (Live)" • 1979: "Girls Got Rhythm" • "Highway to Hell"





1980s 1980: "Touch Too Much" • "You Shook Me All Night Long" • "Hells Bells" • 1981: "Back in Black" • "Big Balls" • "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" • 1982: "Let's Get It Up" • "For Those About to Rock (We Salute You)" • "Put the Finger on You" • 1983: "Guns for Hire" • "Nervous Shakedown" • "Flick of the Switch" • 1985: "Danger" • "Sink the Pink" • 1986: "Shake Your Foundations" • "Who Made Who" (Mix) • 1988: "Heatseeker" • "That's the Way I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll"





1990s

2000s

1990: "Thunderstruck" • "Moneytalks" • 1991: "Are You Ready" • "Bonny" - "Highway to Hell" (Live) • 1993: "Big Gun" • 1996: "Hard as a Rock" • "Hail Caesar" • "Cover You in Oil" • 1997: "Dirty Eyes" • 2000: "Stiff Upper Lip" • "Safe in New York City" • 2001: "Satellite Blues" • 2008: "Rock 'N Roll Train" • "Big Jack" • 2009: "Anything Goes" • "Money Made"





Reissues 1980: "Whole Lotta Rosie" (Live) • "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap" • "High Voltage" • "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" • 1986: "You Shook Me All Night Long" • 1992: "Highway to Hell" (Live) • 1993: "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap" (Live)







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The Matrix


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For the series, see The Matrix (franchise). For other uses, see Matrix (disambiguation) and Matrix (name).

The Matrix



Directed by Wachowski brothers

Produced by Joel Silver

Written by Wachowski brothers

Starring Keanu Reeves

Laurence Fishburne

Carrie-Anne Moss

Hugo Weaving

Joe Pantoliano

Music by Don Davis

Cinematography Bill Pope

Editing by Zach Staenberg

Studio Village Roadshow Pictures

Silver Pictures

Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures

Release date(s) North America:

March 31, 1999

Australia:

April 8, 1999

United Kingdom:

June 11, 1999

Running time 136 minutes

Country United States

Australia

Language English

Budget US$63 million

Gross revenue US$463,517,383

Followed by The Matrix Reloaded

The Matrix is a 1999 American science fiction-action film directed by Larry and Andy Wachowski; starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano, and Hugo Weaving. It was first released in the U.S. on March 31, 1999, and is the first installment in The Matrix series of films, comic books, video games, and animation.



The film describes a future in which reality as perceived by humans is actually the Matrix: a simulated reality created by sentient machines to pacify and subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. Upon learning this, computer programmer "Neo" is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, involving other people who have been freed from the "dream world" and into reality. The film contains many references to the cyberpunk and hacker subcultures; philosophical and religious ideas; and homages to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Hong Kong action cinema, Spaghetti Westerns, dystopian fiction, and Japanese animation.



Contents [hide]

1 Plot

2 Cast and characters

3 Production

3.1 Casting

3.2 Production design

3.3 Visual effects

3.4 Music

4 Influences

5 Release

6 Reception

6.1 Awards and nominations

7 Legacy

8 Franchise

9 See also

10 Notes and references

10.1 References

11 External links





[edit] Plot

Computer programmer Thomas A. Anderson leads a secret life as a hacker under the alias "Neo" and wishes to learn the answer to the question "What is the Matrix?" Cryptic messages appearing on his computer monitor and encounters with three sinister agents lead him to a group led by the mysterious underground hacker Morpheus, a man who offers him the chance to learn the truth about the Matrix. During his encounter with the agents, they implant a hidden tracking bug in his physical body intended to expose the location of Morpheus and the underground. Morpheus gives Neo a choice between two pills: red to learn the truth, blue to return to the world as he knows it. Neo accepts by swallowing the offered red pill, and he subsequently finds himself in a liquid-filled pod, his body connected by wires and tubes to a vast mechanical tower covered with identical pods. The connections are severed, and he is rescued by Morpheus and taken aboard his hovercraft, the Nebuchadnezzar. Neo's neglected physical body is restored, the tracking bug implanted by the agents is exposed and removed, and Morpheus explains the situation.



Morpheus informs Neo that the year is not 1999, but estimated to be closer to 2199, and that humanity is fighting a war against intelligent machines created in the early 21st century. The sky is covered by thick black clouds created by the humans in an attempt to cut off the machines' supply of solar power. The machines responded by using human beings as their energy source in conjunction with nuclear fusion, later growing countless people in pods and harvesting their bioelectrical energy and body heat. The world which Neo has inhabited since birth is the Matrix, an illusory simulated reality construct of the world as it was in 1999 developed by the machines to keep the human population docile in their captivity. Morpheus and his crew belong to a group of free humans who "unplug" others from the Matrix and recruit them to their resistance against the machines. Within the Matrix, they are able to use their understanding of its nature to bend the laws of physics within the simulation, giving them superhuman abilities. Morpheus believes that Neo is "the One", a man prophesied to end the war through his limitless control over the Matrix.



Neo is trained to become a member of the group. A socket in the back of Neo's skull, formerly used to connect him to the Matrix, allows knowledge to be uploaded directly into his mind. In this way, he learns numerous martial arts disciplines, and demonstrates his kung fu skills by sparring with Morpheus in a virtual reality "construct" environment similar to the Matrix, impressing the crew with his speed. Further training introduces Neo to the key dangers in the Matrix itself. Injuries suffered there are reflected in the real world; if he is killed in the Matrix, his physical body will also die. He is warned of the presence of Agents, fast and powerful sentient computer programs with the ability to take over the virtual body of anyone still directly connected to the Matrix, whose purpose is to seek out and eliminate any threats to the simulation. Morpheus is confident that once Neo fully understands his own abilities as "the One", they will be no match for him.



The group enters the Matrix and takes Neo to meet the Oracle, the woman who has predicted the eventual emergence of the One. She tells Neo that he has "the gift" of manipulating the Matrix, but that he is waiting for something, possibly his next life. From her comments, Neo deduces that he is not the One. She adds that Morpheus believes in Neo so blindly that he will sacrifice his life to save him.



Returning to the hacked telephone line which serves as a safe "exit" from the Matrix, the group is ambushed by Agents and SWAT teams. Morpheus allows himself to be captured so that Neo and the others can escape. They later learn that they were betrayed by the crew-member Cypher, who preferred his old life in The Matrix over the real world, and therefore made a deal with the Agents to give them Morpheus in exchange for a permanent return to the Matrix. Cypher is defeated but not before his betrayal leads to the deaths of all crew-members except Neo, Trinity, Tank, and Morpheus, who is imprisoned in a government building within the Matrix. The Agents attempt to gain information from him regarding access codes to the mainframe of Zion, the unplugged humans’ subterranean refuge in the real world. Neo and Trinity return to the Matrix and storm the building to rescue their leader. Neo becomes more confident and familiar with manipulating the Matrix, ultimately dodging bullets fired at him by an Agent. Morpheus and Trinity use a subway station telephone to exit the Matrix, but before Neo can leave, he is ambushed by Agent Smith. He stands his ground and circumstantially defeats Smith (despite the Agent having the upper hand), when he causes Smith to be run over by a train, but flees when the Agent possesses another body.



As Neo runs through the city toward another telephone exit, he is pursued by the Agents while "Sentinel" machines converge on the Nebuchadnezzar's position in the real world. Neo reaches an exit, but he is ambushed by Agent Smith and shot dead. In the real world, Trinity whispers to Neo that she was told by the Oracle that she would fall in love with "the One", implying that this is Neo. She refuses to accept his death and kisses him. Neo's heart beats again, and within the Matrix, Neo revives; the Agents shoot at him, but he raises his palm and stops their bullets in mid-air. Neo is able to perceive the Matrix as the streaming lines of green code it really is. Agent Smith makes a final attempt to kill him, but his punches are effortlessly blocked, and Neo destroys him. The other two Agents flee, and Neo returns to the real world in time for the ship's EMP weapon to destroy the Sentinels that had already breached the craft's hull. A short epilogue shows Neo back in the Matrix, making a telephone call promising that he will demonstrate to the people imprisoned in the Matrix that "anything is possible". He hangs up the phone and flies into the sky.



[edit] Cast and characters

Keanu Reeves as Thomas A. Anderson/Neo: A computer programmer who moonlights as the hacker Neo, later to realize he is the One when trying to rescue Morpheus from the Agents.

Laurence Fishburne as Morpheus: A human freed from the Matrix, captain of the Nebuchadnezzar. He finds Neo and teaches him the truth.

Carrie-Anne Moss as Trinity: Freed by Morpheus, crewman of the Nebuchadnezzar and Neo's romantic interest.

Hugo Weaving as Agent Smith: A sentient "Agent" program of the Matrix whose purpose is to destroy Zion and stop humans from getting out of the Matrix. Unlike other agents, he has ambitions to free himself from his duties.

Joe Pantoliano as Cypher: Another human freed by Morpheus, who betrays Morpheus to the Agents to ensure his return to the Matrix.

Julian Arahanga as Apoc: A freed human and crew member on the Nebuchadnezzar.

Anthony Ray Parker as Dozer: A "natural" human born outside of the Matrix, and pilot of the Nebuchadnezzar.

Marcus Chong as Tank: the "operator" of the Nebuchadnezzar, he is Dozer's brother, and like him was born outside of the Matrix.

Matt Doran as Mouse: A freed human and programmer on the Nebuchadnezzar.

Gloria Foster as the Oracle: Exiled sentient computer program who still resides in the Matrix, helping the freed humans with her foresight and wisdom.

Belinda McClory as Switch: A human freed by Morpheus and crew member of the Nebuchadnezzar.

Paul Goddard as Agent Brown: One of two sentient "Agent" programs in the Matrix who work with Agent Smith to destroy Zion and stop humans escaping the system.

Robert Taylor as Agent Jones: Second sentient "Agent" program working with Agent Smith.

[edit] Production

The Matrix was a co-production of Warner Brothers and Australian Village Roadshow Pictures, and all but a few scenes were filmed at Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia, and in the city itself. Recognizable landmarks were not included in order to maintain the setting of a generic American city. [1] Nevertheless, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, ANZAC Bridge, AWA Tower, Martin Place and a Commonwealth Bank branch are visible in some shots, as is signage on buildings for the Sydney offices of Telstra and IBM Corporation among others. Other clues to the filming location include left-hand traffic flow and signs featuring Australian English terminology and spellings such as "lift" and "authorised" (rather than the American English "elevator" and "authorized").



Subtle nods were included to Chicago, Illinois, the home city of the directors, through a subtly placed picture of the Chicago skyline, city maps, the destination of the subway train during the subway station fight between Neo and Agent Smith saying "Loop" and place names like the Adams Street Bridge, Wells and Lake, Franklin and Erie, State and Balbo, and Wabash and Lake.



The rooftop set that Trinity uses to escape from Agent Jones early in the film was leftover from the production of Dark City, which has been remarked upon due to the thematic similarities of the films.[2] According to The Art of the Matrix, at least one filmed scene and a variety of short pieces of action were omitted from the final cut, and have (to date) not been published.



The Wachowski Brothers were keen that all involved understood the thematic background of the movie.[citation needed] For example, the book used to conceal disks early in the movie, Simulacra and Simulation, a 1981 work by the French philosopher Jean Baudrillard, was required reading for most of the principal cast and crew.



Comic book artists Geof Darrow and Steve Skroce worked on The Matrix as concept and storyboard artists respectively.



[edit] Casting

Actor Will Smith turned down the role of Neo to make Wild Wild West, due to skepticism over the film's ambitious bullet time special effects.[3] He later stated that he was "not mature enough as an actor" at that time,[3] and that if given the role, he "would have messed it up".[4][5] Nicolas Cage also turned down the role because of "family obligations".[6] Prior to the casting of Keanu Reeves, Sandra Bullock turned down the role of Trinity because she didn't see herself working with the actor then being considered to play Neo.[7] Sean Connery also respectfully declined the role of Morpheus.[citation needed]



[edit] Production design

See also: Matrix digital rain

In the film, the code that comprises the Matrix itself is frequently represented as downward-flowing green characters. This code includes mirror images of half-width kana characters and Western Latin letters and numerals. In one scene, the pattern of trickling rain on a window being cleaned resembles this code. Generally, the film's production design placed a bias towards its distinctive green color for scenes set within the Matrix, whereas there is an emphasis on the color blue during the scenes set in the real world. In addition, grid-patterns were incorporated into the sets for scenes inside the Matrix, intended to convey the cold, logical and artificial nature of that environment.[8]



The "digital rain" is strongly reminiscent of similar computer code in the film Ghost in the Shell, an acknowledged influence on the Matrix series (see below). The linking of the color green to computers may have been intended to evoke the green tint commonly used on older monochrome computer monitors.



[edit] Visual effects



The famous lobby scene is considered by some to be one of the greatest action scenes in film.[9][10][11]As for artistic inspiration for bullet time, I would credit Otomo Katsuhiro, who co-wrote and directed Akira, which definitely blew me away, along with director Michel Gondry. His music videos experimented with a different type of technique called view-morphing and it was just part of the beginning of uncovering the creative approaches toward using still cameras for special effects. Our technique was significantly different because we built it to move around objects that were themselves in motion, and we were also able to create slow-motion events that 'virtual cameras' could move around – rather than the static action in Gondry's music videos with limited camera moves.

—John Gaeta[12]

The film is known for popularizing the use of a visual effect known as "bullet time", which allows the viewer to explore a moment progressing in slow-motion as the camera appears to orbit around the scene at normal speed.[13]



The method used for creating these effects involved a technically expanded version of an old art photography technique known as time-slice photography, in which a large number of cameras are placed around an object and triggered nearly simultaneously.[13] Each camera is a still-picture camera, and not a motion picture camera, and it contributes just one frame to the video sequence. When the sequence of shots is viewed as in a movie, the viewer sees what are in effect two-dimensional "slices" of a three-dimensional moment. Watching such a "time slice" movie is akin to the real-life experience of walking around a statue to see how it looks from different angles. The positioning of the still cameras can be varied along any desired smooth curve to produce a smooth looking camera motion in the finished clip, and the timing of each camera's firing may be delayed slightly,[13] so that a motion scene can be executed (albeit over a very short period of movie time).



Some scenes in The Matrix feature the "time-slice" effect with completely frozen characters and objects. Film interpolation techniques improved the fluidity of the apparent "camera motion". The effect was further expanded upon by the Wachowski brothers and the visual effects supervisor John Gaeta so as to create "bullet time", which incorporates temporal motion, so that rather than being totally frozen the scene progresses in slow and variable motion.[13] Engineers at Manex Visual Effects pioneered 3-D visualization planning methods to move beyond mechanically fixed views towards more complicated camera paths and flexibly moving interest points. There is also an improved fluidity through the use of non-linear interpolation, digital compositing, and the introduction of computer generated "virtual" scenery. The movie was rendered on a FreeBSD cluster farm.[14]



The objective of the bullet time shots in The Matrix was to creatively illustrate "mind over matter" type events as captured by a "virtual camera". However, the original technical approach was physically bound to pre-determined perspectives, and the resulting effect only suggests the capabilities of a true virtual camera.



The evolution of photogrametric and image-based computer-generated background approaches in The Matrix's bullet time shots set the stage for later innovations unveiled in the sequels The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. Virtual Cinematography (CGI-rendered characters, locations, and events) and the high-definition "Universal Capture" process completely replaced the use of still camera arrays, thus more closely realizing the "virtual camera".



[edit] Music

See also: The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score and The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture

The film's score was composed by Don Davis. He noted that mirrors appear frequently in the movie: reflections of the blue and red pills are seen in Morpheus's glasses; Neo's capture by Agents is viewed through the rear-view mirror of Trinity's motorcycle; Neo observes a broken mirror mending itself; reflections warp as a spoon is bent; the reflection of a helicopter is visible as it approaches a skyscraper. (The film also frequently references the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, which has a sequel entitled Through the Looking-Glass.) Davis focused on this theme of reflections when creating his score, alternating between sections of the orchestra and attempting to incorporate contrapuntal ideas.[15]



In addition to Davis' score, The Matrix soundtrack also features music from acts such as Rammstein, Rob Dougan, Rage Against the Machine, Propellerheads, Ministry, Deftones, The Prodigy, Rob Zombie, Meat Beat Manifesto, and Marilyn Manson. Other pieces from artists such as Duke Ellington, Django Reinhardt, and Massive Attack are included in the film, but not featured on the soundtrack.



[edit] Influences

See also: The Matrix (franchise)#Influences and interpretations

The Matrix is arguably the ultimate cyberpunk artifact.



William Gibson, 2003-01-28[16]The Matrix makes numerous references to recent films and literature, and to historical myths and philosophy. These include[citation needed] Vedanta, Advaita Hinduism, Yoga Vashishta Hinduism, Judaism,[17] Messianism, Buddhism, Gnosticism, Christianity, Existentialism, Nihilism, and occult tarot.[18] The film's premise resembles Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Calderon de la Barca's Life is a Dream, Edwin Abbott Abbott's Flatland, René Descartes's evil genius, Georges Gurdjieff's The Sleeping Man[19], Kant's reflections on the Phenomenon versus the Ding an sich, and the brain in a vat thought experiment.[citation needed]



Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation is featured in the film, and was required reading for the actors.[20] However, Baudrillard commented that The Matrix misunderstands and distorts his work.[21] [22]



In Postmodern thought, interpretations of The Matrix often reference Baudrillard's philosophy to demonstrate that the movie is an allegory for contemporary experience in a heavily commercialized, media-driven society, especially of the developed countries. The influence of the matrixial theory of Bracha Ettinger articulated in a series of books and essays from the end of the 1980s onwards was brought to the public's attention through the writings of art historians such as Griselda Pollock[23][24] and film theorists such as Heinz-Peter Schwerfel.[25]



There are similarities to several works by science fiction author Philip K. Dick,[26][27][28][29] as well as cyberpunk works such as Neuromancer by William Gibson.[30]



Japanese director Mamoru Oshii's Ghost in the Shell was a strong influence. Producer Joel Silver has stated that the Wachowski brothers first described their intentions for The Matrix by showing him that anime and saying, "We wanna do that for real".[31][32] Mitsuhisa Ishikawa of Production I.G, which produced Ghost in the Shell, noted that the anime's high-quality visuals were a strong source of inspiration for the Wachowski brothers. He also commented, "... cyberpunk films are very difficult to describe to a third person. I'd imagine that The Matrix is the kind of film that was very difficult to draw up a written proposal for to take to film studios". He stated that since Ghost in the Shell had gained recognition in America, the Wachowski brothers used it as a "promotional tool".[33] Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey was another science fiction film that helped inspire the visual style of The Matrix.[34]



Reviewers have commented on similarities between The Matrix and other late-1990s films such as Strange Days, Dark City, and The Truman Show.[35][36][37] Comparisons have also been made to Grant Morrison's comic series The Invisibles; Morrison believes that the Wachowski brothers essentially plagiarized his work to create the film.[38] In addition, the similarity of the film's central concept to a device in the long running series Doctor Who has also been noted. As in the film, the Matrix of that series (introduced in the 1976 serial The Deadly Assassin) is a massive computer system which one enters using a device connecting to the head, allowing users to see representations of the real world and change its laws of physics; but if killed there, they will die in reality.[39]



[edit] Release

The Matrix was first released on March 31, 1999. It earned $171 million in North America, over $292 million in foreign box offices and $463 million worldwide,[40] and later became the first DVD to sell more than three million copies in the U.S.[41] The Ultimate Matrix Collection was released on HD DVD on May 22, 2007[42] and on Blu-ray on October 14, 2008.[43] The movie was also released stand alone in a 10th anniversary edition on Blu-ray in the Digibook format on March 31, 2009, 10 years to the day after the movie was released theatrically.[44]



[edit] Reception

The Matrix received generally favorable reviews from film critics,[45] with a consensus forming that it presented an "ingenious" blend of Hong Kong action cinema, innovative visual effects and an imaginative vision.[46] Rotten Tomatoes reported that 86% of critics gave the film positive reviews, with an average score of 7.4/10, based upon a sample of 122 reviews.[46] The site reported that 68% of selected notable critics gave the film a positive review, based upon a sample of 28.[47] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 73 upon its DVD release, based on 35 reviews.[45]



Philip Strick commented in Sight & Sound, "if the Wachowskis claim no originality of message, they are startling innovators of method", praising the film's details and its "broadside of astonishing images".[48] Roger Ebert praised the film's visuals and premise, but disliked the third act's focus on action.[35] Similarly, Time Out praised the "entertainingly ingenious" switches between different realities, Hugo Weaving's "engagingly odd" performance, and the film's cinematography and production design, but concluded, "the promising premise is steadily wasted as the film turns into a fairly routine action pic… yet another slice of overlong, high concept hokum".[49] Other reviewers criticised the comparative humorlessness and self-indulgence of the movie.[50][51]



In 2001, The Matrix was placed 66th in the American Film Institute's "100 Years... 100 Thrills" list. In 2007, Entertainment Weekly called The Matrix the best science-fiction piece of media for the past 25 years.[52] The film is also ranked number 39 on Empire's "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".[53]



Several science fiction creators commented on the film. Author William Gibson, a key figure in cyberpunk fiction, called the film "an innocent delight I hadn't felt in a long time", and stated, "Neo is my favourite-ever science fiction hero, absolutely".[54] Joss Whedon called the film "my number one" and praised its storytelling, structure and depth, concluding, "It works on whatever level you want to bring to it."[55] Filmmaker Darren Aronofsky commented, "I walked out of The Matrix [...] and I was thinking, 'What kind of science fiction movie can people make now?' The Wachowskis basically took all the great sci-fi ideas of the 20th century and rolled them into a delicious pop culture sandwich that everyone on the planet devoured."[56] Director M. Night Shyamalan praised the Wachowskis' passion for the film, saying, "Whatever you think of The Matrix, every shot is there because of the passion they have! You can see they argued it out!"[57]



[edit] Awards and nominations

The Matrix received Oscars for film editing, sound effects editing, visual effects, and sound.[58][59] In 1999, it won Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film and Best Direction.[60] The Matrix also received BAFTA awards for Best Sound and Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects, in addition to nominations in the cinematography, production design and editing categories.[61]



Award Category Name Outcome

72nd Academy Awards Film Editing Zach Staenberg Won

Sound Mixing John Reitz, Gregg Rudloff, David Campbell, David Lee Won

Sound Editing Dane A. Davis Won

Visual Effects John Gaeta Won



[edit] Legacy

The Matrix has had a strong effect on action film-making in Hollywood. It set a new standard for cinematic fight scenes[62] by hiring acclaimed choreographers (such as Yuen Woo-ping) from the Hong Kong action cinema scene, well-known for its production of martial arts films. The success of The Matrix put those choreographers and their techniques in high demand by other filmmakers who wanted fights of similar sophistication: for example, wire work was employed in X-Men (2000),[62] and Yuen Woo-ping's brother Yuen Cheung-Yan was choreographer on Daredevil (2003).



Following The Matrix, films made abundant use of slow-motion, spinning cameras, and, often, the bullet time effect of a character freezing or slowing down and the camera dollying around them. The ability to slow down time enough to distinguish the motion of bullets was used as a central gameplay mechanic of several video games, including Max Payne, in which the feature was explicitly referred to as "bullet time". The Matrix's signature special effect has also been parodied numerous times, in comedy films such as Scary Movie, Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, Shrek, Main hoon na and Kung Pow: Enter the Fist; in TV series such as The Simpsons and Family Guy; in the OVA series FLCL; and in video games such as Conker's Bad Fur Day and RuneScape.



[edit] Franchise

Main article: The Matrix (franchise)

The film's mainstream success led to the making of two sequels, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. These were filmed simultaneously during one shoot and released in two parts in 2003. The first film's introductory tale is succeeded by the story of the impending attack of the human enclave of Zion by a vast machine army. Neo also learns more about the history of the Matrix, his role as the One and the prophecy that he will end the war. The sequels also incorporate longer and more ambitious action scenes, as well as improvements in bullet time and other visual effects.



Also released was The Animatrix, a collection of nine animated short films, many of which were created in the same Japanese animation style that was a strong influence on the live trilogy. The Animatrix was overseen and approved by the Wachowski brothers but they only wrote four of the segments themselves and did not direct any of them; much of the project was created by notable figures from the world of anime. Four of the films were originally released on the series' official website; one was shown in cinemas with the Warner Bros. movie Dreamcatcher; the others first appeared with the DVD release of all nine shorts. Several of the films were shown first on UK television prior to their DVD release.



The franchise also contains three video games: Enter the Matrix (2003), which contains footage shot specifically for the game and chronicles events taking place before and during The Matrix Reloaded; The Matrix Online (2004), a MMORPG which continued the story beyond The Matrix Revolutions; and The Matrix: Path of Neo (2005), which focuses on situations based on Neo's journey through the trilogy of films.



Available on the official website are a number of free comics set in the world of The Matrix, written and illustrated by figures from the comics industry.[63] Some of these comics are also available in two printed volumes, the The Matrix Comics.



[edit] See also

Artificial intelligence

Simulated reality

[edit] Notes and references

^ Behind-the-scenes documentary "HBO First Look: Making the Matrix"

^ Ebert, Roger (November 6, 2005). "Great Movies: Dark City". http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051106/REVIEWS08/511060302/1023. Retrieved December 18, 2006.

^ a b Lawrence, Will (February 2007). "The Empire Interview: In conversation with Will Smith". Empire (EMAP) (212): 109. "Honestly, I didn't think they could do it, it was too ambitious. I saw Bound and I loved it. The Matrix is exactly what they pitched, but they were designing those cameras to get those freeze-frames, and I was like, "If that doesn't work, the movie looks ridiculous." I didn't feel comfortable with the level of importance placed on that effect working properly. … That's probably the only one that I turned down that I shouldn't have, but when you see somebody do it like Keanu you think, "Thank God." I don't think I was mature enough as an actor at that point to get out of the way and just let it be and allow the directors to make the movie. I would have been trying to make jokes. Now I would have loved to take a shot and see what I would have done with it and I know now I could absolutely have been mature enough to get out the way. But back then I don't think I was.".

^ Hillner, Jennifer. "I, Robocop". Wired. Condé Nast Publications. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.07/smith_pr.html.

^ Riggs, Ransom. "5 million-dollar mistakes by movie stars." CNN. Retrieved October 20, 2008.

^ Larry Carroll (2007-12-07). "Will Smith Snagged 'I Am Legend' From Schwarzenegger, But Can You Imagine Nicolas Cage In 'The Matrix'?". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1576048/20071207/story.jhtml. Retrieved 2007-12-08.

^ Kate Meyers (2009-02-09). "Sandra Bullock Tells All". OMG!. http://omg.yahoo.com/news/sandra-bullock-tells-all/18699?nc. Retrieved 2009-02-11.

^ Costume designer Kym Barrett, production designer Owen Paterson and cinematographer Bill Pope, interviewed in The Matrix Revisited (Chapter 7).

^ "Top 10 Action Scenes of The Last 20 Years". http://the217.com/articles/view/top_10_action_scenes_of_the_last_20_years. Retrieved February 21, 2010.

^ "The Matrix Trilogy Review". http://www.hidef.com/disc-reviews/1172-matrix-trilogy-hd-dvd-review.html. Retrieved February 21, 2010. "The famous Lobby scene is spectacular"

^ "Top 10 Action sequences of all time". http://incontention.com/?p=7087. Retrieved February 21, 2010.

^ "200 Things That Rocked Our World: Bullet Time". Empire (EMAP) (200): 136. February 2006.

^ a b c d Green, Dave (1999-06-05). "Better than SFX". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/1999/jun/05/features2. Retrieved December 18, 2009.

^ Comment about the use of FreeBSD (5:50)

^ Don Davis, interviewed in The Matrix Revisited (Chapter 28). A transcript of his comments may be found online: [1]

^ "THE MATRIX: FAIR COP", The William Gibson Blog

^ The Matrix: A Mystical Modern Midrash

^ "The Matrix Tarot" YouTube video by Daniel Böttger

^ Oksanen, Reijjo. "Planvan N. Go Interview". The Gurdjieff Internet Guide. (Retrieved 09–03–17).

^ http://www.insidehighered.com/views/mclemee/mclemee135

^ "Le Nouvel Observateur with Baudrillard". Le Nouvel Observateur. Archived from the original on 2008-01-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080113012028/http://www.empyree.org/divers/Matrix-Baudrillard_english.html. Retrieved 2010-01-31.

^ http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cmp/new_phil_fr_hanley2.html

^ Griselda Pollock, "Does Art Think?" In: Dana Arnold and Margaret Iverson (eds.) Art and Thought. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 2003. ISBN 0-631-22715-6

^ Griselda Pollock, "Inscritions in the Feminine" In: Catherine de Zegher (eds), Inside the Visible. MIT Press, 1996

^ Heinz-Peter Schwerfel, Kino and Kunst, Koln: Dumont, 2003.

^ Rose, Frank. "The Second Coming of Philip K. Dick". Wired magazine. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/philip_pr.html.

^ Zenko, Darren. "Not another Philip K. Dick movie". The Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/208471.

^ "William Gibson on Philip K. Dick". philipkdickfans.com. http://www.philipkdickfans.com/articles/william%20gibson.htm.

^ Axmaker, Sean. "Philip K. Dick's dark dreams still fodder for films". Seattle Post Intelligencer. http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/movies/76011_dick26.shtml.

^ "The Matrix: Fair Cop". URL retrieved 7 July 2006.

^ Joel Silver, interviewed in "Scrolls to Screen: A Brief History of Anime" featurette on The Animatrix DVD.

^ Joel Silver, interviewed in "Making The Matrix" featurette on The Matrix DVD.

^ Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, interviewed in The South Bank Show, episode broadcast 19 February 2006 [2]

^ Ebert, Roger. "The Wachowskis: From "2001" to "The Godfather" to "The Matrix"". http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081002/COMMENTARY/810020297. Retrieved 2010-01-30.

^ a b Roger Ebert's review of The Matrix. URL retrieved 21 August 2006.

^ "The Matrix (1999) - Channel 4 Film review". URL retrieved 21 August 2006.

^ "Cinephobia reviews: The Matrix". URL retrieved 27 December 2006.

^ "Poor Mojo Newswire: Suicide Girls Interview with Grant Morrison". URL retrieved 31 July 2006.

^ Condon, Paul. The Matrix Unlocked. 2003. Contender. p.141-3. ISBN 1-84357-093-9

^ Box Office Mojo: The Matrix. URL retrieved 24 June 2009.

^ "Press release - August 1, 2000 - The Matrix DVD: The first to sell 3 million". URL retrieved 26 July 2006.

^ Warner Home Video (2007-03-23). "The Matrix is Coming to HD DVD". Comingsoon.net. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=19508. Retrieved 2007-03-23.

^ Warner Home Video (2008-07-25). "'Ultimate Matrix' Blu-ray Coming in October". highdefdigest.com. http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Disc_Announcements/Warner/Ultimate_Matrix_Blu-ray_Coming_in_October/1944. Retrieved 2008-08-18.

^ "Warner Home Video sends over details on a 10th Anniversary Blu-ray release". Dvdactive.com. http://www.dvdactive.com/news/releases/the-matrix.html. Retrieved 2009-12-13.

^ a b "The Matrix (1999): Reviews". Metacritic. CNET Networks, Inc. http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/matrix. Retrieved 2008-07-11.

^ a b "The Matrix Movie Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. IGN Entertainment, Inc. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/matrix/. Retrieved 2008-07-11.

^ "The Matrix Movie Reviews, Top Critics". Rotten Tomatoes. IGN Entertainment, Inc. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/matrix/?critic=creamcrop. Retrieved 2008-07-11.

^ "Sight & Sound review of The Matrix". http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/review/151/. Retrieved 2007-02-03.

^ ""Time Out Film Review - The Matrix"". Time Out Film Guide 13. Time Out. http://www.timeout.com/film/72947.html. Retrieved 2007-02-05.

^ ""Critical review of The Matrix"". http://onfilm.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/17448_MATRIX.html. Retrieved 2007-02-03.

^ ""Negative review of The Matrix"". http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/reviews/1999/04/02reviewa.html. Retrieved 2007-02-03.

^ Jeff Jensen (2007-05-07). "The Sci-Fi 25". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20036782_20037403_20037541_25,00.html. Retrieved 2007-05-07.

^ "Empire Features". Empireonline.com. http://www.empireonline.com/500/89.asp. Retrieved 2009-12-13.

^ The Art of the Matrix, p.451

^ "The 201 Greatest Movies of all Time". Empire (Issue 201). March 2006. p. 98.

^ Darren Aronofsky, quoted in the article "The Outsider", Wired. November 2006 issue (pp. 224)

^ M. Night Shyamalan, quoted in the article 'OSCAR FILMS/FIRST TIMERS; A Director With a Sense of Where He's Going' "[3]", New York Times. March 12, 2000

^ "Academy Awards Database — Search page". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearchInput.jsp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.

^ "The Wachowski Brothers". Tribute magazine. http://www.tribute.ca/directors/bios/10799.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.

^ "Saturn Awards". SaturnAwards.org. http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html#film. Retrieved 2006-12-31.

^ "BAFTA Film Winners 1990–1999" (PDF). BAFTA.org. http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/Film_Winners_1990-1999.pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-31.

^ a b Jeff Jensen (2000-07-21). "Generating X". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,276737,00.html. Retrieved 2008-12-31. "There was also debate over the style of the film's fight sequences, thanks to the new standard set by The Matrix, which hit while X-Men was in preproduction. Hence, the movie features some high-flying Matrix-y martial-arts choreography by Corey Yuen (Romeo Must Die)."

^ The Matrix Comics at the official Matrix website

[edit] References

Spencer Lamm (editor); Larry and Andy Wachowski, Steve Skroce, Geof Darrow, Tani Kunitake, Warren Manser, Colin Grant, Zach Staenberg, Phil Oesterhouse, William Gibson (2000). The Art of the Matrix. Titan. p. 488. ISBN 1-84023-173-4.

Josh Oreck (Director). (2001). The Matrix Revisited. [DVD]. Warner Bros..

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Matrix

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Matrix

The Matrix at the Internet Movie Database

The Matrix at Allmovie

The Matrix at Rotten Tomatoes

The Matrix at Matrix Wiki

The Matrix script by Andy & Larry Wachowski

Awards and achievements

Preceded by

Armageddon & Dark City Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film

1999 Succeeded by

X-Men

[show]v • d • eThe Matrix franchise



The Matrix · The Matrix Reloaded · The Matrix Revolutions



Characters Neo · Trinity · Morpheus · Agent Smith · Agents · Oracle · Architect · Niobe · Merovingian · Persephone · Seraph · Twins · Minor characters · Programs and machines



Soundtracks The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture · The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score · The Matrix Reloaded: The Album · The Matrix Reloaded: Complete 2 CD Score · The Matrix Revolutions: Music from the Motion Picture · The Matrix Revolutions: Complete 2 CD Score · The Animatrix: The Album · Enter the Matrix: Original Soundtrack from the Videogame · The Matrix: Path of Neo - Music from the Video Game



Video games Enter the Matrix · The Matrix Online · The Matrix: Path of Neo



Matrix universe Mega City · Zion · Ships from The Matrix series



Other topics The Animatrix · The Matrix Comics · Matrix digital rain · The Matrix Revisited · The Zion Archive · The Ultimate Matrix Collection · Matrix cell phone · Redpill · The Official Matrix Exhibit



Related articles Wachowski brothers · Joel Silver · Bullet time · Cyberpunk · Digitalism · The Hero's Journey · Martial arts film · Simulism · Virtual reality · Religion and the Internet



[show]v • d • eFilms of the Wachowski brothers



Directors Bound (1996) · The Matrix (1999) · The Matrix Reloaded (2003) · The Matrix Revolutions (2003) · Speed Racer (2008)



Writers Assassins (1995) · V for Vendetta (2006)



Producers The Animatrix (2003) · Ninja Assassin (2009)



[show]v • d • eMTV Movie Award for Best Movie



Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1992) • A Few Good Men (1993) • Menace II Society (1994) • Pulp Fiction (1995) • Seven (1996) • Scream (1997) • Titanic (1998) • There's Something About Mary (1999) • The Matrix (2000) • Gladiator (2001) • The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2002) • The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2003) • The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2004) • Napoleon Dynamite (2005) • Wedding Crashers (2006) • Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007) • Transformers (2008) • Twilight (2009)





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